The 2016 census shows Canada's Indigenous population is up 42.5 per cent since 2006 to nearly 1.7-million.
Statistics Canada says the Aboriginal growth rate is more than four times that of the rest of the population.
But Aboriginal people earn about $9,000 less per year than non-Indigenous Canadians and a fifth of all First Nations people live in a dwelling in need of major repairs.
Immigrants made up about 22 per cent of the population last year, with Asia and the Middle East remaining the largest source of recent immigrants at 61.8 per cent.